MATLAB & SIMULINK

MATLAB and Simulink Work Together. When you use MATLAB and Simulink together, you combine textual and graphical programming to design your system in a simulation environment. Directly use the thousands of algorithms that are already in MATLAB.

Introduction

What Is MATLAB?  The MATLAB System  Development Environment  Starting and Quitting MATLAB  MATLAB Desktop Desktop Tools

Manipulating Matrices Matrices and Magic Squares

 Entering Matrices  sum, transpose, and diag  Subscripts  The Colon Operator  The magic Function Expressions  Variables  Numbers  Operators  Functions  Examples of Expressions Working with Matrices  Generating Matrices  The load Command .  M-Files  Concatenation  Deleting Rows and Columns Creating and Concatenating Matrices  Constructing a Simple Matrix  Specialized Matrix Functions  Concatenating Matrices  Matrix Concatenation Functions MATLAB & SIMULINK Page2  Generating a Numeric Sequence  Combining Unlike Data Types Matrix Indexing  Accessing Single Elements  Linear Indexing  Functions That Control Indexing Style  Accessing Multiple Elements  Logical Indexing  Indexing on Assignment More About Matrices and Arrays  Linear Algebra  Arrays  Multivariate Data  Scalar Expansion  Logical Subscripting  The find Function Getting Information About a Matrix  Dimensions of the Matrix  Data Types Used in the Matrix  Data Structures Used in the Matrix Resizing and Reshaping Matrices  Expanding the Size of a Matrix  Diminishing the Size of a Matrix  Reshaping a Matrix  Preallocating Memory Shifting and Sorting Matrices  Shift and Sort Functions  Shifting the Location of Matrix Elements  Sorting the Data in Each Column  Sorting the Data in Each Row  Sorting Row Vectors Operating on Diagonal Matrices  Constructing a Matrix from a Diagonal Vector  Returning a Triangular Portion of a Matrix  Concatenating Matrices Diagonally Empty Matrices, Scalars, and Vectors  The Empty Matrix  Scalars MATLAB & SIMULINK Page3  Vectors Full and Sparse Matrices  Sparse Matrix Functions Multidimensional Arrays  Overview  Creating Multidimensional Arrays  Accessing Multidimensional Array Properties  Indexing Multidimensional Arrays  Reshaping Multidimensional Arrays  Permuting Array Dimensions  Computing with Multidimensional Arrays  Organizing Data in Multidimensional Arrays  Multidimensional Cell Arrays  Multidimensional Structure Arrays Summary of Matrix and Array Functions Controlling Command Window Input and Output  The format Command  Suppressing Output  Entering Long Command Lines  Command Line Editing

Data Types Overview of MATLAB

Data Types Numeric Types  Integers  Floating-Point Numbers  Complex Numbers  Infinity and NaN  Identifying Numeric Types  Display Format for Numeric Values  Function Summary Logical Types  Creating a Logical Array  How Logical Arrays Are Used  Identifying Logical Arrays MATLAB & SIMULINK Page4 Characters and Strings  Creating Character Arrays  Cell Arrays of Strings  String Comparisons  Searching and Replacing  Converting from Numeric to String  Converting from String to Numeric  Function Summary Dates and Times  Types of Date Formats  Conversions Between Date Formats  Date String Formats  Output Formats  Current Date and Time  Function Summary Structures  Building Structure Arrays  Accessing Data in Structure Arrays  Using Dynamic Field Names  Finding the Size of Structure Arrays  Adding Fields to Structures  Deleting Fields from Structures  Applying Functions and Operators  Writing Functions to Operate on Structures  Organizing Data in Structure Arrays  Nesting Structures  Function Summary Cell Arrays  Creating Cell Arrays  Obtaining Data from Cell Arrays  Deleting Cells  Reshaping Cell Arrays  Replacing Lists of Variables with Cell Arrays  Applying Functions and Operators  Organizing Data in Cell Arrays  Nesting Cell Arrays  Converting Between Cell and Numeric Arrays  Cell Arrays of Structures MATLAB & SIMULINK Page5  Function Summary Function Handles  Constructing and Invoking a Function Handle  Calling a Function Using Its Handle  Simple Function Handle Example

Programming with MATLAB

Basic Program Components Variables  Types of Variables  Naming Variables  Guidelines to Using Variables  Scope of a Variable  Lifetime of a Variable Keywords  Special Values Operators  Arithmetic Operators  Relational Operators  Logical Operators  Operator Precedence MATLAB Expressions  String Evaluation  Shell Escape Functions Regular Expressions  MATLAB Regular Expression Functions  Elements of an Expression  Character Classes  Character Representation  Logical Operators  Lookaround Operators  Quantifiers  Tokens  Handling Multiple Strings  Operator Summary Comma -Separated Lists MATLAB & SIMULINK Page6  Generating a List from a Cell Array  Generating a List from a Structure  How to Use the Comma-Separated List  Fast Fourier Transform Example Program Control Statements  Conditional Control — if, switch  Loop Control — for, while, continue, break  Error Control — try, catch  Program Termination — return MATLAB Functions  M-File Functions  Built-In Functions  Overloaded MATLAB Functions M-File Programming Program Development  Creating a Program  Getting the Bugs Out  Cleaning Up the Program  Improving Performance  Checking It In Working with M -Files  Types of M -Files  Basic Parts of an M -File  Creating a Simple M -File  Providing Help for Your Program  Creating P-Code Files M -File Scripts and Functions  M-File Scripts  M-File Functions  Types of Functions  Identifying Dependencies Function Arguments  Checking the Number of Input Arguments  Passing Variable Numbers of Arguments  Returning Output Arguments Function Handles  Constructing a Function Handle  Calling a Function Using Its Handle MATLAB & SIMULINK Page7  Functions That Operate on Function Handles  Additional Information on Function Handles Calling Functions  What Happens When You Call a Function  Determining Which Function Is Called  MATLAB Calling Syntax  Passing Certain Argument Types  Passing Arguments in Structures or Cell Arrays  Calling External Functions Types of Functions Overview of MATLAB Function Types Anonymous Functions  Constructing an Anonymous Function  Arrays of Anonymous Functions  Outputs from Anonymous Functions  Variables Used in the Expression  Examples of Anonymous Functions Primary M -File Functions Nested Functions  Writing Nested Functions  Calling Nested Functions  Variable Scope in Nested Functions  Using Function Handles with Nested Functions  Examples of Nested Functions Subfunctions  Calling Subfunctions  Accessing Help for a Subfunction

Graphics Basic Plotting

 Creating a Plot  Multiple Data Sets in One Graph  Specifying Line Styles and Colors  Plotting Lines and Markers  Imaginary and Complex Data  Adding Plots to an Existing Graph MATLAB & SIMULINK Page8  Figure Windows .  Multiple Plots in One Figure  Controlling the Axes  Axis Labels and Titles  Saving a Figure Editing Plots  Interactive Plot Editing  Using Functions to Edit Graphs  Using Plot Editing Mode  Using the Property Editor Mesh and Surface Plots  Visualizing Functions of Two Variables Images Printing Graphics Handle Graphics  Graphics Objects  Setting Object Properties  Finding the Handles of Existing Objects Graphics User Interfaces  Graphical User Interface Design Tools Animations  Erase Mode Method  Creating Movies

Data Import and Export Overview

 Text Data  Graphics Files  Audio and Audio/Video Data  Spreadsheets  Scientific Formats  The Internet  Low-Level File I/O  Large Data Sets  Toolboxes for Importing Data Using the Import Wizard MATLAB & SIMULINK Page9  Using the Import Wizard with Text Data  Using the Import Wizard with Binary Data Supported File Formats Saving and Loading MAT -Files  Exporting Data to MAT -Files  Importing Data from MAT -Files Importing Text Data  The MATLAB Import Wizard  Using Import Functions with Text Data  Importing Numeric Text Data  Importing Delimited ASCII Data Files  Importing Numeric Data with Text Headers  Importing Mixed Alphabetic and Numeric Data  Importing from XML Documents Exporting Text Data  Exporting Delimited ASCII Data Files  Using the diary Function to Export Data  Exporting to XML Documents Working with Graphics Files  Getting Information About Graphics Files  Importing Graphics Data  Exporting Graphics Data Working with Audio and Video Data  Getting Information About Audio/Video Files  Importing Audio/Video Data  Exporting Audio/Video Data Working with Spreadsheets  Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets  Lotus 123 Spreadsheets Using Low -Level File I/O Functions  Opening Files  Reading Binary Data  Writing Binary Data  Controlling Position in a File  Reading Strings Line by Line from Text Files  Reading Formatted ASCII Data  Writing Formatted Text Files  Closing a File MATLAB & SIMULINK Page10

Error Handling

Checking for Errors with try -catch  Nested try -catch Blocks Handling and Recovering from an Error  Reporting an Error  Identifying the Cause  Regenerating an Error Message Identifiers  Identifier Format  Using Message Identifiers with lasterr Warnings  Reporting a Warning  Identifying the Cause Warning Control  Warning Statements  Warning Control Statements  Output from Control Statements  Saving and Restoring State  Debug, Backtrace, and Verbose Modes Debugging Errors and Warnings

Scheduling Program Execution with Timers Using a MATLAB Timer Object  Example: Displaying a Message Creating Timer Objects  Timer Object Naming Working with Timer Object Properties  Retrieving the Value of Timer Object Properties  Setting the Value of Timer Object Properties Starting and Stopping Timers  Starting a Timer  Starting a Timer at a Specified Time  Stopping Timer Objects  Blocking the MATLAB Command Line MATLAB & SIMULINK Page11 Creating and Executing Callback Functions  Associating Commands with Timer Object Events  Creating Callback Functions  Specifying the Value of Callback Function Properties Timer Object Execution Modes  Executing a Timer Callback Function Once  Executing a Timer Callback Function Multiple Times  Handling Callback Function Queuing Conflicts Deleting Timer Objects from Memory  Testing the Validity of a Timer Object  Deleting All Existing Timer Objects Finding All Timer Objects in Memory  Finding Invisible Timer Objects

Improving Performance and Memory Usage Analyzing Your Program’s Performance

 The M-File Profiler Utility  Stopwatch Timer Functions Techniques for Improving Performance  Vectorizing Loops  Preallocating Arrays  Coding Loops in a MEX-File  Assigning to Variables  Operating on Real Data  Using Appropriate Logical Operators  Overloading Built-In Functions  Functions Are Generally Faster Than Scripts  Load and Save Are Faster Than File I/O Functions  Avoid Large Background Processes Making Efficient Use of Memory  Memory Management Functions  Preallocating Arrays to Reduce Fragmentation  Enlarging Arrays with repmat  Working with Variables  Converting Full Matrices into Sparse  Structure of Arrays vs. Array of Structures MATLAB & SIMULINK Page12  Working with Large Amounts of Data Resolving “Out of Memory” Errors  General Suggestions For Reclaiming Memory  Compressing Data in Memory  Increasing System Swap Space  Freeing Up System Resources on Windows Systems

Programming Tips Command and Function Syntax

 Syntax Help  Command and Function Syntaxes  Command Line Continuation  Completing Commands Using the Tab Key  Recalling Commands  Clearing Commands  Suppressing Output to the Screen Help .  Using the Help Browser  Help on Functions from the Help Browser  Help on Functions from the Command Window  Topical Help  Paged Output  Writing Your Own Help  Help for Subfunctions and Private Functions  Help for Methods and Overloaded Functions Development Environment  Workspace Browser .  Using the Find and Replace Utility  Commenting Out a Block of Code  Creating M-Files from Command History M-File Functions  M-File Structure  Using Lowercase for Function Names  Getting a Function’s Name and Path  What M-Files Does a Function Use?  Dependent Functions, Built-Ins, Classes MATLAB & SIMULINK Page13 Function Arguments  Getting the Input and Output Arguments  Variable Numbers of Arguments  String or Numeric Arguments  Passing Arguments in a Structure  Passing Arguments in a Cell Array Program Development  Planning the Program  Using Pseudo-Code  Selecting the Right Data Structures  General Coding Practices  Naming a Function Uniquely  The Importance of Comments  Coding in Steps  Making Modifications in Steps  Functions with One Calling Function  Testing the Final Program Debugging  The MATLAB Debug Functions  More Debug Functions  The MATLAB Graphical Debugger  A Quick Way to Examine Variables  Setting Breakpoints from the Command Line  Finding Line Numbers to Set Breakpoints  Stopping Execution on an Error or Warning  Locating an Error from the Error Message  Using Warnings to Help Debug  Making Code Execution Visible  Debugging Scripts Variables  Rules for Variable Names  Making Sure Variable Names Are Valid  Don’t Use Function Names for Variables  Checking for Reserved Keywords  Avoid Using i and j for Variables  Avoid Overwriting Variables in Scripts  Persistent Variables  Protecting Persistent Variables MATLAB & SIMULINK Page14  Global Variables Strings  Creating Strings with Concatenation  Comparing Methods of Concatenation  Store Arrays of Strings in a Cell Array  Converting Between Strings and Cell Arrays  Search and Replace Using Regular Expressions Evaluating Expressions  Find Alternatives to Using eval  Assigning to a Series of Variables  Short-Circuit Logical Operators  Changing the Counter Variable within a for Loop MATLAB Path  Precedence Rules  File Precedence  Adding a Directory to the Search Path  Handles to Functions Not on the Path  Making Toolbox File Changes Visible to MATLAB  Making Nontoolbox File Changes Visible to MATLAB  Change Notification on Windows Program Control  Using break, continue, and return  Using switch Versus if  MATLAB case Evaluates Strings  Multiple Conditions in a case Statement  Implicit Break in switch-case  Variable Scope in a switch  Catching Errors with try-catch  Nested try-catch Blocks  Forcing an Early Return from a Function Save and Load  Saving Data from the Workspace  Loading Data into the Workspace  Viewing Variables in a MAT-File  Appending to a MAT-File  Save and Load on Startup or Quit  Saving to an ASCII File Files and Filenames MATLAB & SIMULINK Page15  Naming M -files  Naming Other Files  Passing Filenames as Arguments  Passing Filenames to ASCII Files  Determining Filenames at Run-Time  Returning the Size of a File Input/Output  File I/O Function Overview  Common I/O Functions  Readable File Formats  Using the Import Wizard  Loading Mixed Format Data  Reading Files with Different Formats  Reading ASCII Data into a Cell Array  Interactive Input into Your Program Starting MATLAB Getting MATLAB to Start Up Faster Operating System Compatibility  Executing O/S Commands from MATLAB  Searching Text with grep  Constructing Paths and Filenames  Finding the MATLAB Root Directory  Temporary Directories and Filenames

Mathematical Functions and Applications

 Trigonometry  Complex Numbers  Signal Representation, Processing, and Plotting  Poly nomials  Partial Fraction Expansion  Functions of Two Variables  User-Defined Functions  Plotting Functions  DataAnalysis  Maximum andMinimum  Sums and Products MATLAB & SIMULINK Page16  Statistical Analy sis  Random Number Generation Solutions to Systems of Linear Equations Curve Fitting and Interpolation  MinimumMean-Square Error Curve Fitting  Interpolation Integration and Differentiation  Numerical Integration .  Numerical Differentiation Strings, Time, Base Conversion and Bit Operations  Character Strings  Time Computations  Base Conversions and Bit Operations Symbolic Processing  Symbolic Expressions and Algebra  Manipulating Trigonometric Expressions  Evaluating and Plotting Symbolic Expressions  Solving Algebraic and Transcendental Equations UNIT

ELEMENTS OF GUI DESIGN WHAT IS A MATLAB GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE? THE THREE PHASES OF INTERFACE DESIGN

 Analysis  Design  User Considerations  The Reason for the GUI  Cognitive Considerations  Physical Considerations  Paper Prototyping  Appearance  Construction UI CONTROL ELEMENTS  The Styles  Check Boxes  Editable Text  Frames MATLAB & SIMULINK Page17  Pop -Up Menus  List Boxes  Push Buttons  Toggle Buttons  Radio Buttons  Sliders  Static Text  UI Control Properties  Uicontrol BackgroundColor  Uicontrol ButtonDownFcn  Uicontrol CData  Uicontrol CallBack  Uicontrol Enable  Uicontrol Extent  Uicontrol ForegroundColor  Uicontrol Font Angle, Name, Size, Units, and Weight  Uicontrol HorizontalAlignment  Uicontrol Min, Max, and Value  Uicontrol SliderStep  Uicontrol TooltipString  Uicontrol Position  Uicontrol String  Style  ListBoxTop  Uicontrol Units  Uicontrol Interruptible  Uicontrol Tag  Uicontrol UserData  Uicontrol Visible  Other UI Control Properties  Creating Uicontrol Objects  Uicontrol Object Layering  Framing Objects  A Stretchable GUI  Predefined GUIs and Dialog Boxes UIMENU ELEMENTS  Uimenu Properties MATLAB & SIMULINK Page18  Uimenu Accelerator  Uimenu CallBack  Uimenu Checked  Uimenu Children  Uimenu Enable  Uimenu ForegroundColor  Uimenu Label  Uimenu Position  Uimenu Separator  Uimenu Interruptible  Uimenu Tag  Uimenu UserData  Uimenu Visible  Other Uimenu Properties  Creating Uimenus  Top Level Uimenu  Menu Items and Submenu Titles LOW-LEVEL MATLAB GUI PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES  Strings of MATLAB Statements and Expressions  Programming Approaches in MATLAB  Creating All Graphics Elements in the Base Workspace  Storing Handles as Global Variables  Storing Handles in the UserData Properties  Utilizing Tags and the FINDOBJ Command HIGH-LEVEL GUI DEVELOPMENT – GUIDE  The Layout Editor  The Property Inspector  The Object Browser  The Menu Editor  Saving the GUI  The GUIDE Created FIG-File  The GUIDE Created M-File  Executing a GUI  Editing a Previously Created GUI COMMON PROGRAMMING DESIRES WITH UI OBJECTS  Creating Exclusive Radio Buttons  Linking Sliders and Editable Text Objects  Editable Text and Pop-Up Menu MATLAB & SIMULINK Page19  Windowed Frame and Interruptions  Toggling Menu Labels  Customizing a Button with Graphics THE MATLAB EVENT QUEUE  Event Scheduling and Execution  Execution Order of Events  Mouse Button Pressed Down  Mouse Button Released  Mouse Pointer Moved  Interruptible vs. Uninterruptible  Common Mouse Action Examples  Moving Objects with the Mouse  Dynamic Boxes Using the RBBOX Function CREATING CUSTOM USER INTERFACE COMPONENTS  Simulating Buttons with Image Objects  Creating a Dial

SIMULINK

Introduction Product Overview  Overview  Tool for Model-Based Design  Tool for Simulation  Tool for Analysis  How Simulink Software Interacts with the MATLAB  Environment What Is Model-Based Design?  Model-Based Design  Modeling Process  Related Products Simulink Software Basics Starting Simulink Software  Opening the Simulink Library Browser  Opening a Model Simulink User Interface  Simulink Library Browser MATLAB & SIMULINK Page20  Simulink Model Window Getting Help with Simulink Software  Simulink Online Help  Simulink Demo Models  Web Site Resources Creating a Simulink Model Creating a Simple Model  Overview  Creating a New Model  Adding Blocks to Your Model  Moving Blocks in the Model Window  Connecting Blocks in the Model Window  Saving the Model Simulating the Model  Overview  Setting Simulation Options  Running the Simulation and Observing Results Modeling a Dynamic Control System Overview Understanding the Demo Model  Opening the Demo Model  Anatomy of the Demo Model  Using Subsystems  Masking Subsystems Simulating the Model  Running the Simulation  Modifying Simulation Parameters  Importing Data from the MATLAB Workspace  Exporting Simulation Data to the MATLAB Workspace .